The rise of halide perovskite semiconductors | Light: Science & Applications – Nature.com
Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.
Advertisement
Light: Science & Applications volume 12, Article number: 15 (2023)
10k
36
91
Metrics details
Advances in metal-halide perovskite semiconductors have significantly influenced light-current conversion technologies. The excellent structural and compositional tunability of perovskites, coupled with their exceptional quantum yields for photoluminescence, make them a promising candidate for optoelectronic devices.
Metal-halide perovskites, a unique class of outstanding photosensitive semiconductors, are widely employed in solar cells, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), photodetectors, lasers, and X-ray scintillators due to their excellent photophysical properties and ease of processin in solution1,2,3,4,5,6. Tremendous efforts have led to dramatic developments in perovskite-based devices over the past decade, but their adoption into future optoelectronics remains a challenge7.
Now, Dong et al. review the historical milestones of research on metal-halide perovskites and their revolutionary impact on optoelectronics8. The unique optoelectronic properties of perovskites include high optical absorption, high carrier mobility, long diffusion lengths, and unique ambipolar charge transport properties. Perovskites possess these advantages because of their distinct crystal structure and chemical composition, which can be modified by their phase, dimension, composition, and geometry. Consequently, perovskites can be used for a wide range of optoelectronic needs, primarily serving as light emitters or transducers. This gives them unprecedented flexibility to tune their optoelectronic properties independently and synergistically9.
Light harvesting devices, such as photodetectors, can convert incident photons into free charge carriers in metal halide perovskites. In this review, it is briefly explained that photodetectors can be classified into vertical and lateral structures, which are different from the typical sandwich architecture of solar cells10. As a light-emitting layer, the external quantum efficiency of LEDs has now exceeded 20%11,12. Moreover, a stable continuous-wave pumped perovskite laser with amplified spontaneous emission has been demonstrated at room-temperature, marking a significant advancement in engineering electrically pumped lasers and integrated optoelectronics13.
The behavior of photogenerated carriers is primarily governed by light-matter interactions, such as absorption, emission, modulation and transmission, at the heart of an optoelectronic device. In general, optoelectronic devices correspond to various photophysical processes that have their own suitable working conditions, including excitation density and charge carrier density. This review summarizes the nature of photogenerated excitons/carriers in perovskites and explains the mechanism of the photophysical process in various optoelectronic devices (Fig. 1).
Schematic representation of perovskite frameworks with different dimensionalities (3D, 2D, 1D, and 0D) and various applications enabled by perovskite-based optoelectronic components
There have been many reports on perovskite-based optoelectronics in various fields due to their unique optoelectronic properties. Dong et al. divide these applications into four sections, including functional integration, information display, electronic communication, health and medical systems. They highlight two current research directions on perovskites. One is scintillator materials that allow facile visualization for X-ray imaging14. Another direction is the development of optoelectronic devices based on chiral perovskites15. Chiral hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have shown promise as materials for chiroptoelectronics, including photodetectors for circularly polarized light, 3D displays, and spintronics, as well as applications in quantum communications and quantum computing16. Furthermore, they provide an outlook on future directions of this field by discussing long-term instability and toxicity of perovskites. This review is a very timely and covers a very promising area of research, giving a wonderful overview of the remarkable optoelectronic properties and applications of metal-halide perovskites.
Although great progress has been made in perovskite materials, we believe there is still a long way from commercial applications. For example, in integrated optoelectronics, structured perovskite optoelectronics with versatile functionalities remains a challenge. Therefore, the development of multifunctional micro- or nanostructures for perovskite optoelectronics is an effective approach to integrating structures and properties. Meanwhile, optoelectronic applications based on perovskites have to withstand increasingly complex environmental conditions, such as high temperature, humidity or ultraviolet irradiation. This poses a major challenge to the stability of perovskite devices. For example, it is necessary to develop perovskite materials for flexible X-ray scintillator screens16,17. Besides providing high-quality imaging on non-flat objects, these screens can also handle non-uniform X-rays under special circumstances, alleviating the problem of vignetting on large-area objects caused by uneven dose distribution. Despite these challenges, we believe perovskite semiconductors have a bright future thanks to their excellent optoelectronic properties.
Liu, Z. et al. Chemical reduction of intrinsic defects in thicker heterojunction planar perovskite solar cells. Adv. Mater. 29, 1606774 (2017).
Article Google Scholar
Yang, R. et al. Oriented quasi‐2D perovskites for high performance optoelectronic devices. Adv. Mater. 30, 1804771 (2018).
Article Google Scholar
Jung, E. H. et al. Efficient, stable and scalable perovskite solar cells using poly (3-hexylthiophene). Nature 567, 511 (2019).
Article ADS Google Scholar
Cho, H. et al. Overcoming the electroluminescence efficiency limitations of perovskite light-emitting diodes. Science 350, 1222 (2015).
Article ADS Google Scholar
Chen, Q. et al. All-inorganic perovskite nanocrystal scintillators. Nature 561, 88 (2018).
Article ADS Google Scholar
Zhao, J. et al. Perovskite-filled membranes for flexible and large-area direct-conversion X-ray detector arrays. Nat. Photonics 14, 612 (2020).
Article ADS Google Scholar
Sum, T. C. et al. Spectral features and charge dynamics of lead halide perovskites: origins and interpretations. Acc. Chem. Res. 49, 294 (2016).
Article Google Scholar
Dong, H. et al. Metal halide perovskite for next-generation optoelectronics: Progresses and prospects. eLight 3, https://doi.org/10.1186/s43593-022-00033-z (2023).
Sutherland, B. R. & Sargent, E. H. Perovskite photonic sources. Nat. Photonics 10, 295 (2016).
Article ADS Google Scholar
Zhang, Y. et al. Lead‐free perovskite photodetectors: progress, challenges, and opportunities. Adv. Mater. 33, 2006691 (2021).
Article Google Scholar
Liu, X. K. et al. Metal halide perovskites for light-emitting diodes. Nat. Mater. 20, 10 (2021).
Article ADS Google Scholar
Chu, S. et al. Large‐area and efficient sky‐blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes via Blade‐coating. Adv. Mater. 34, 2108939 (2022).
Article Google Scholar
Xing, G. et al. Low-temperature solution-processed wavelength-tunable perovskites for lasing. Nat. Mater. 13, 476 (2014).
Article ADS Google Scholar
Zhou, J. et al. Solution‐processed lead‐free perovskite nanocrystal scintillators for high‐resolution X‐ray CT imaging. Adv. Opt. Mater. 9, 2002144 (2021).
Article Google Scholar
Long, G. et al. Chiral-perovskite optoelectronics. Nat. Rev. Mater. 5, 423 (2020).
Article ADS Google Scholar
Lu, H., Vardeny, Z. V. & Beard, M. C. Control of light, spin and charge with chiral metal halide semiconductors. Nat. Rev. Chem. 6, 470 (2022).
Article Google Scholar
Chen, W. et al. All‐Inorganic perovskite polymer–ceramics for flexible and refreshable X‐ray imaging. Adv. Funct. Mater. 32, 2107424 (2022).
Article Google Scholar
Download references
Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
Chenlu He & Xiaogang Liu
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Correspondence to Xiaogang Liu.
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Reprints and permissions
He, C., Liu, X. The rise of halide perovskite semiconductors. Light Sci Appl 12, 15 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-022-01010-4
Download citation
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-022-01010-4
Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.
Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative
Indian Journal of Physics (2024)
Light: Science & Applications (2023)
Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering (2023)
Advertisement
© 2024 Springer Nature Limited
