Control of light, spin and charge with chiral metal halide semiconductors – Nature.com
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Nature Reviews Chemistry volume 6, pages 470–485 (2022)
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The relationship between the structural asymmetry and optoelectronic properties of functional materials is an active area of research. The movement of charges through an oriented chiral medium depends on the spin configuration of the charges, and such systems can be used to control spin populations without magnetic components — termed the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. CISS has mainly been studied in chiral organic molecules and their assemblies. Semiconductors are non-magnetic extended systems that allow for the control of charge transport, as well as the absorption and emission of light. Therefore, introducing chirality into semiconductors would enable control over charge, spin and light without magnetic components. Chiral metal halide semiconductors (MHSs) are hybrid organic–inorganic materials that combine the properties of small chiral organic molecules with those of extended inorganic semiconductors. Reports of CISS in chiral MHSs have resulted in breakthroughs in our understanding of CISS and in the realization of spin-dependent optoelectronic properties. This Review examines the fundamentals and applications of CISS in chiral MHSs. The structural diversity and key structure–property relationships, such as chiral transfer from the organic to the inorganic components, are summarized. With a focus on the underlying chemistry and physics, the control of spin, light and charge in these semiconductors is explored.
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The work reviewed here is based on work supported as part of the Center for Hybrid Organic Inorganic Semiconductors for Energy (CHOISE), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, within the US Department of Energy through contract number DE-AC36-08G028308. Z.V.V. acknowledges funding from the DOE, Office of Science (grant no. DE-SC0014579). H.L. gratefully acknowledges funding from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) School of Science (SSCI) and the Department of Chemistry via Project Funding R9270, as well as funding from the Early Career Scheme (grant no. 26300721) from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (RGC). The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the US Government.
Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong (SAR), China
Haipeng Lu
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Zeev Valy Vardeny
Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
Matthew C. Beard
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Correspondence to Haipeng Lu or Matthew C. Beard.
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Nature Reviews Chemistry thanks Ren-Gen Xiong and the other, anonymous, reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.
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Defines the relationship between structural symmetry elements and the corresponding properties, namely that if a certain structural cause produces a certain effect, the symmetry elements of the cause must be contained in the effect.
(ECD). The differential absorption of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light corresponding to electronic transitions.
(VCD). The differential absorption of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light corresponding to vibronic transitions.
The characteristic dispersive feature of circular dichroism spectroscopy.
Spin-flip process that switches an incoming spin-up state into an outgoing spin-down state, leading to a decay of spin polarization.
Electromagnetic phenomenon that occurs when linearly polarized light is reflected off a magnetized surface: after reflection, linearly polarized light becomes ellipsoidally polarized owing to Kerr rotation, which is proportional to the magnetization of the reflecting surface.
Devices in which the electrical resistance switches from high to low depending on the relative alignment of the magnetization in the layers.
(CPGE). Spin-related optoelectronic phenomenon arising from spin–orbit coupling in noncentrosymmetric systems in which photocarriers are asymmetrically distributed in a momentum space upon photoexcitation with circularly polarized light; produces helicity-dependent photocurrents at zero bias voltage.
Momentum-dependent splitting of spin bands due to spin–orbit coupling and a lack of inversion symmetry.
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Lu, H., Vardeny, Z.V. & Beard, M.C. Control of light, spin and charge with chiral metal halide semiconductors. Nat Rev Chem 6, 470–485 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41570-022-00399-1
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